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40th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique
Feb. 9 – 12, 2014
Denver, Colo.
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41st Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique
Feb. 1 – 4, 2015
New Orleans, La.
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The technical sessions will showcase the latest technological advances. Whether you're a blaster in the field or a supervisor, you'll find this an informative, enjoyable event. The following is a preliminary list of papers which will be presented in Orlando, Fla. This program is subject to change.
A New Approach to 3D Modulation of Blast Free Faces
This document investigates a newly developed technique with the objective of improving terrain triangulation models, mainly blast free faces. The result and the quality of the algorithm demonstrates the improvement on the triangulation quality, reducing errors in the calculation of over/under burden and free face volumes and cavities.
A New Blast Vibrations Analysis Methodology
This article proposes an improvement in estimation of the magnitude of the vibrations resulting from rock blasting methodologies. This methodology combines the usage of empirical vibration attenuation laws with terrain discretization techniques using Voronoi’s decomposition. Comparing with present procedures, this methodology ensures a better estimation of the vibration phenomena.
A Study of Overall Cost Optimization in Underground Mining
The goal of reduction of overall cost, increasing the mining efficiency and controlling the blasting results in underground mining can be achieved through integration of advanced technology and management, featuring optimization of blasting design and organize the program correctly.
A Tolerable Risk Criteria – What Is Safe Enough?
A Tolerable Risk Criteria is needed to more fully use the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) tool known in the commercial explosive industry as IMESAFR. By establishing an acceptable level, the QRA tool may be used in a more consistent manner and risk measurements will be against a standard not themselves.
Analysis of Air Over Pressures Under a Negative Pressure Boundary
Harmonic energetic delamination of T2 building is being considered. The T2 building is within a containment structure that is under negative pressure to prevent radioactive material to leak out of the containment. A site specific blast design was proposed that made possible the delamination under negative pressure.
Analysis of the Influence of Emulsion Gassing Process
emulsion explosive, chemical foaming
Application of Event Tree Analysis to Explosive Terrorism Risk
An Event Tree Analysis (ETA) that incorporated a review of existing lexicons and a series of meetings with stakeholders and subject matter experts was used to develop an event tree structure for assessing the risk of explosive terrorism to the US homeland.
Application of Fan Hole in Rock Bank Blasting in Docks
The VCR fan hole blasting techniques usually used in underground mining are used in this paper for rock bank blasting, which is not only improve the working environment, but also enhance efficiency and reduce cost. The rock bank can be effectively blasted using hole-by-hole initiation technique to reduce vibration.
Applying the Concept of Difficulty of Tunnelling to Brazilian Cases
Applying the concept of the difficulty of tunnelling by drilling and blasting (D&B) to selected cases from the Brazilian tunnelling industry. Tunnels in Brazil tend to be unrealistically more difficult to excavate when compared to similar excavations in similar geologies elsewhere in the world.
ATF Type 2 Magazine Test Data Comparison to Commercial Models
An analysis of an ATF Type 2 Magazine Test and comparison of the data with a fast running model.
Basic Signature Hole Theory & Experimentation
Optimizing blast-induced vibration, through signature hole analysis, can be an extremely valuable tool for managing neighbor relations, as well as protecting mine-owned installations.
Best Practices Guide for Urban Blasting Operations
A new tool for blasters, regulators and related stakeholders of urban blasting operations. The document details best practices based on distance to urban structures and provides recommendations to mitigate the negative risks associated with vibration, air overpressure, flyrock and other urban blasting concerns.
Blast Design and Mill Performance - A Case Study
An investigation of the influence of blast fragmentation on crushing performance at an open pit copper mine.
Blast Fume Management
The undesirable effects of blasting fumes can be controlled by minimising the amount of fume created and by avoiding the movement of the fume plume to sensitive locations.
Blasting Vibrations from Deck Blasts and Pit Wall Stability
The characteristics (amplitude and frequency spectra) of blasting vibrations from deck blast designs in open pit blasts depend significantly on the burial depth for the same charge, weight and distance. This has important implications in numerical simulation of pit wall stability against vibrations in the near region.
Complex Variable Method to Predict Aerodynamics of Arbitrary Shape Fragmentation
The objective of this research was to develop an engineering method to predict an aerodynamics of arbitrary shape debris objects. Using a complex variable method (linearization of single-bonded area) a universal formula for velocity of arbitrary shape fragments was derived.
Comprehensive Shock Physics Studies of Air-Deck Behavior during Rock Blasting
Shock physics and high fidelity shock computer programs have been used to determine the behavior of air-decks during blasting. The air-shock, resulting when the explosive detonation encounters the air-deck, moves at a much slower velocity than the VOD and is continually slowing. Air-decks consume explosive energy rather than enhance it.
Controlled Blasting under a High-Speed Rail Tunnel within a Short Distance
Construction results exhibit the prominent blasting effect by using stagger phase method, blasting vibration is effectively controlled. This enables drainage tunneling to be completed before wet season, hence high-speed rail is prevented from being out of service. This paper can be a sound reference to similar engineering project.
Cushion Pad of Reducing Blasting Vibration Start a New Era of Decreasing Disaster of Civil Engineering
The paper introduces a cushion pad which has simple structure and is easy used in blasting engineering.
Demonstration that an Efficient Blast Depends as much on Easy Mucking as on Good Fragmentation
The purpose of the article is to explain how, contrary to general belief, an efficient blast depends as much on easy mucking as on good fragmentation, and how to design blasts that achieve this.
Dilution and Confinement for Tuning ANFO Detonation Velocity
Through adjustments to dilution and confinement, the velocity of detonation for a given batch of ANFO can be tuned to a desired outcome.
Drill and Blast Trial Planning During Drill-Mill Optimization Project
This document describes drill and blast trial tests used in a drill to mill mining method evaluation.
Electronic Blast Initiation Sequencing – Designing for Productivity
Employing interactive initiation timing sequences (hole by hole sequencing based on the measured site specific P-wave velocity), to improve productivity including fragmentation and instantaneous dig rates. Improvements have been recorded from 38.5M blasted tonnes, equalling 129 blast patterns and over 158,000 haul truck loads.
Empirical Method for Comparing Brisance of Blasting Agents
The paper describes a cost effective way of comparing brisance of various bulk explosive products. Results of a specific test series are presented and recommendations for performing the test are included.
EU Type of Certification of Non-Standard Electronic Initiations Systems used in Blasting at Mines and Quarries
The CEN/TS 13763 part 27 was published in 2003 and is used to assess Electronic Initiation Systems (EIS) for CE type certification. However, blasting technology has progressed rapidly since 2003. This paper looks at how the GB ENB can continue to use the CEN/TS to assess ever evolving EIS.
Evaluating the Fragmentation Data from Copper and Gold Mines
This paper presents a critical review of the fragmentation data obtained from some large open pit copper and gold mines. Variation in the fragmentation data and the causes are discussed in detail. The effects of ROM fragmentation on downstream processes were discussed and some case studies are presented.
Exterior Explosive Model Evaluation for Application in Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Existing open air explosive consequence models were evaluated against criteria for use in a probabilistic risk assessment of explosive terrorism risks to the US homeland.
Factors Governing the Muck Pile Characteristics
Muck pile characteristics act as a bridge between the blasting parameters and the performance of the loading and hauling equipment.
Fast Rock Segmentation Using Artificial Intelligence to Approach Human-Level Accuracy
The benefits of applying explosives in the rebuild of a smelting furnace and how it was achieved will be presented. This application of explosives posed several unique obstacles not normally encountered in blasting.
Feasibility of Applying Probabilistic Risk Assessment to Explosive Terrorism
This study examines the feasibility of applying a well-established probabilistic risk assessment methodology for developed for evaluating the human health risk of a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) terrorist event to explosive events.
Fines Reduction and Its Economic Impact on Aggregate Operations
The current work is an attempt to critically review some of the practical methods to reduce blast-induced fines in aggregate operations. The current study also attempts to quantify the impact of fines reduction on the economics and profitability of such operations.
Gradation Control Using Low Density Bulk Emulsion
This paper will describe the process of using low density bulk emulsion as a means to produce and maximize an oversize/rip rap size aggregate range (8 inch to 40 inch) that the customer has a market demand for.
How to Achieve 100% of Advance in Tunnel Blasting
How to achieve 100% of advance and a minimum over break in tunnel blasting with conventional initiation system.
Hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Modelling of Blast-induced Excavation Damaged Zone
Transition of rock from fracture to fragmentation and the dependence of rock on loading rate are implemented into a hybrid, finite, discrete, element method which is introduced to model the blast-induced excavation damage zone. The modeled results agree with those well documented literature and demonstrate the potential application for excavation.
Impacts of Measurement Accuracy on Three-Dimensional Vibration Models
This paper explores the variation in vibration model results due to measurement inaccuracies from multiple sources while collecting input data.
Improved Seismic Velocity Testing with High Sample Rate Seismographs
This study reviews the improvement in seismic velocity calculations utilizing high sample rate seismographs through mathematical means and field testing.
Improved Signature Hole Technique – What is a Signature Waveform?
This paper discusses four independent case studies in which the signature waveform differs according to each mining site’s specific blasting application. Reverse calculation of the production blast waveform using the collected signature waveform in each of the case studies contributes to answering the question, “What is a signature waveform?”
Improving Collar Zone Fragmentation by Top Air-deck Blasting Technique
Application of gas bags in blasting at Chimiwungo pit improved fragmentation size. The technique reduced the cost of bulk blend explosive by 15%, reduced overall cost of charging per hole by 12%, enhanced premature ejections, ground vibrations and airblast levels remained well below accepted industry standards and guidelines.
Initial Selection of Explosive Materials for Probabilistic Risk Assessment
This study examines the use of a risk management table incorporating semi-quantitative components of likelihood and consequence to prioritize materials for inclusion in a mathematically rigorous probabilistic risk assessment of explosive terrorist events.
Interior Explosive Model Evaluation for Application in Probabilistic Risk Assessment
Existing interior building explosive consequence models were evaluated against criteria for use in a probabilistic risk assessment of explosive terrorism risks to the US homeland.
Lightning Safety Myths and Facts for Explosives Operations
An overview of the hazards posed to the explosives industry by lightning. Myths about lightning, lightning detection, and lightning safety are discussed. Information about lightning detection and safety are presented.
More than Track and Trace – New Advantages of T&T Software
The paper focuses on advantages of electronic systems for handling explosives besides the functionality of track and trace. Optimization of business processes, new opportunities for special branches, better overview about all handled materials and repealing the manual effort are just some examples. The paper will broach this issue in detail.
Multi Step Optimization of a Southeastern Granite Quarry
Multi step process to improve the drilling and blasting process at a granite quarry in the southeast. The paper will cover fines reduction, photogrammetry, quality control, cost improvement and angle hole drilling.
On the Performance of Blasting Seismographs
The complex transfer function of a blasting seismograph is estimated from 43 tests on a vibration exciter. The effect of the seismograph to measure harmonic waveforms is assessed and compared with two more seismographs, each following nominal responses described by ISEE and DIN specifications.
Optimized Drilling Through Automation
In our current era of soft markets, the mining industry is turning towards optimizing all levels of production to reduce operating cost. Part of this trend includes the automation of mining machines.
PIBSA-based Emulsifier for Low Quality Ammonium Nitrate in Emulsion Explosives
Evaluation of a PIBSA based emulsifier designed to tackle the challenges of using low quality ammonium nitrate in emulsion explosives.
Precision Presplitting: Explosive Load Variations with Spacing
In this paper, new equations and charts will be published to determine the explosive load for a precision presplit with varying spacing, instead of the previously published equations that work only for a 24 inch spacing.
Reduce Loss Exposure with Risk Management Tools and Strategies
By evaluating claims data from the recent past, we can better identify risk, and develop strategies to prevent or minimize future losses. Can good risk management practices actually assist with federal regulatory compliance? There are tools and training materials available. We need to tap these resources and use them effectively.
Research on the Rock with Karst Caves under Blasting Load
The models of rocks with karst caves in different distances from blasting hole and in different shapes were built by the software of ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The effect of different karst caves on blasting stress and blasting result were studied.
Ring Blasting Design Modelling and Optimization
Ring blasting designs have to achieve different goals in order to become efficient. Ore recovery, fragmentation and drift integrity should be taken into account when selecting blasting parameters. Simulations and models of the main goals: fragmentation and breakage talking into account the geotechnical characteristics of the underground mine are presented.
Ring Blasting Mine to Mill Optimization
Underground mine to mill blasting is hard to perform since monitoring is difficult. Ring blasting designs with high energy configurations were used extensively at an underground metal mine where effects at the mill were measured as well as increased ore recovery by using high precision 3D scanning of the stopes.
Shaping the Panama Canal by Blasting – Pacific Complex’s Works
The Panama Canal expansion program has demanded special blasting techniques. Underwater and open pit blasting including blasting near to fresh concretes and sensitive structures were required. More than 3,000 blasts were carried out in all Pacific Complex’s Channel and Gatun’s Lake in order to excavate up 31 million m3 of rock.
Shockwave Uniformity Associated with Various Free Air Burst Configurations
Examination of the shockwave expansion from a free air burst (FAB) explosion. Two different geometries were examined with different suspension systems. The literature review and results illustrate how the FAB is set up affects the measurable blast pressure.
Solve Complaints with A Faulty (or No) Pre-blast Inspection
Sometimes, even when you're all on the same side, what everyone tells you is true, ain't necessarily so!
Some Issues in the Image Analysis Application for Bench Face Characteristics and Blast Fragmentation Measurement
Rock blasting, muckpile, image analysis, fragmentation.
Spectral Division Deconvolution of Blast Vibration Signals for Signature Estimation
Frequency division method is applied as deconvolution method to recover the synthetic single-hole signature. The signature can be further used in conventional signature hole technique and improved methodology using the Silva-Lusk equation.
Tehachapi, CA, Double-Track Project, Rock Slope Design and Excavation
The paper describes a railroad track excavation and blasting project that comprised design of a through-cut adjacent to an existing tunnel and up to 120-feet-high side-hill cuts in granitic rock; including blasting specification performance criteria for the blasting contractor, including vibrations, displacement and rail protection.
The Development of Ammonium Nitrate-free Mining Explosives
Development of new explosives.
The Fragmentation-Energy Fan, a Universal Behavior of Blasted Rock?
Blast fragmentation data without the form of the simulative sieving function P(x) has advantages. Plotted log(percentile fragment size) vs. log(specific charge) data tend to fall on straight lines with a common focal point. The consequences for the; form and energy dependence of P(x), Kuz-Ram model and fragmentation models are presented.
The Study of the Detonation Process Using High Speed Video
Use of high speed camera to study the detonation process of non-ideal explosives.
Undercut Blast Design
In this paper, a new design process from an engineering standpoint will be discussed and taught based on actual field trials done at the Avery Island Salt Mine. Incorrect assumptions that are normally made in undercut design will be discussed and solutions presented.
Underground Airblast Monitoring for Blast Diagnosis and Detailed Attenuation Modelling
Underground monitoring was conducted at the Sanford Underground Research Facility at the former Homestake Mine. Airblast records were used to diagnose misfires and blast performance after the first test blast, resulting in a successful second blast. Detailed attenuation models were also developed to account for mine geometry and pressure propagation.
Underground Remote Firing System
The paper is based on a solution to remove firing lines and electric detonators from underground mines to improve the safety and productivity around firing times.
Use of Electronic Initiation System in Urban Shaft Sinking Project
Using an electronic blasting initiation system to make blasting a viable excavation option in an urban shaft sinking project in Sydney, Australia.
Utilization of Aerial Drones to Optimize Blast Fragmentation
This paper will describe the mechanics, methodology and contribution of utilizing fragmentation photo-analysis obtained by drone generated aerial photography. This paper will describe the process of turning the data obtained by the drone to decision supporting information (knowledge) and its part in the blasting continuous improvement process.
Valdez, Alaska, Glacier Pit One Shot One Chance for Success
This paper will describe in detail the challenges of making over 200,000 tons of different size rocks for the construction of a 3,100 ft rubble-mound breakwater in Valdez, Alaska.
Wall Control Blasting Practices at Kısladag Gold Mine
This paper presents the final wall blasting practices at Eldorado Kisladag Gold Mine in Turkey. Analyses of the two recent minor scale slope failures were discussed in detail. Geotechnical and blast design changes were presented. A heat map was created for the entire pit to track the improvements made.
xP-frag, a Distribution-free Model to Predict Blast Fragmentation
A fragmentation by blasting prediction equation that does not include any underlying distribution function is developed. The model complies with the observed property that, contrary to what the Kuz-Ram model implies, the exponent of the specific charge power law function of the fragment size percentile varies for different percentiles.
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The technical sessions will showcase the latest technological advances. Whether you're a blaster in the field or a supervisor, you'll find this an informative, enjoyable event. The following is a preliminary list of papers which will be presented in San Antonio, Texas. This program is subject to change.
A Case Study - Interpretation of Fragmentation Analysis Results to Improve Blast Performance and Realize Significant Cost Savings
A case study is presented showcasing how one global mining operation utilizes a hand-held fragmentation analysis device and interprets the data to improve blasting practices and optimize fragmentation results over a period of 3 months. Blast design improvements result in significant time and cost savings.
Analysis of Marine Blast-Induced Ground Vibrations in the Sudeste Port Project
Specialized marine blasting techniques were required for deepening and widening the access channel and turning basin of the Sudeste Port Terminal, located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Immersed in a demanding and protected marine environment area, a strong and comprehensive blast-induced ground vibrations monitoring and analysis program was required.
Application of the Fan Hole in Rock Bank Blasting in Docks
The VCR fan hole blasting techniques usually used in underground mining are used in this paper for rock bank blasting, which is not only improve the working environment, but also enhance efficiency and reduce cost. The rock bank can be effectively blasted using hole-by-hole initiation technique to reduce vibration.
Application of Underground Bulk Emulsion Explosives in Polyethylene Pipes for Perimeter Control
The paper talks about perimeter charging using underground bulk emulsions in a polyethylene pipe. The paper details the work done for a period of four years that culminated into adoption of polyethylene pipes as the means of achieving perimeter blasting.
Blast Induced Vibrations in Malmberget
LKAB operates an underground iron ore mine in Malmberget in the northern part of Sweden. The town of Malmberget is located close to the mining area. There is a need for urban transformation for several reasons. The main focus is on blast induced vibrations and possible methods to meet regulations.
Blast Optimisation of Harder Ores at Phu Kham Open Pit in Laos
This paper discusses how the implementation of an innovative and process control driven blasting trial methodology was able to successfully manage the hard ore challenges at PKM. The outcomes have revolutionized drill and blast practices at PKM and significantly increased mill throughput of harder ores.
Case Studies Using the Multiple Blasthole Fragmentation (MBF) Model at Open Pit Mines in Canada
The MBF model has been successfully applied to several open pit mines and quarries around the world, including Canada and the United States. Case studies were conducted at open pit mines in Canada. The MBF and MSW share the same input. The MBF and MSW modeling was conducted in parallel.
Charleroi Locks and Dam - Old River Wall Explosive Demolition - Final Stage - Phase 2
A case study discussing the final blasting program to remove the remaining old river wall on a Corps of Engineers Lock and Dam project.
Control of Blast Induced Overbreak in Tunneling of Road Projects in India
The paper deals with the effect of various rock and geological parameters as well as blast design parameters on blast-induced overbreak. It was found that the foliation of joints with respect to tunnel axis, predominantly influence the extent of overbreak. Overbreak controlling measures were also discussed.
Cross Sectional Shape Effects on Small Explosives Driven Shock Tubes
This paper examines the effect on cross-sectional shape of shock tubes on pressure versus time waveforms. Three shock tubes of identical cross sectional areas were examined.
Detonation of Dry, Wet and Aluminized ANFO Observed through High-Speed Video
Study of the detonation process of dry, wet and aluminised ANFO using a high-speed camera.
Detonation Synthesis of Nanomaterials: Process Development and Testing
This paper outlines the process development and initial experimentation of detonation synthesis facilities at Missouri University of Science and Technology. Preparation of an effective detonation synthesis environment, formulation of explosive charge composition, and optimizing initiation systems are discussed in detail with analysis of initial test results.
Detonator Safety Relation to Measurement Errors
All statistical firing tests have some uncertainties in stimulus measurement. We will discuss the effect of these uncertainties upon determination of no-fire and all-fire levels for electric detonators.
Development of a Small-Scale Model for Caprock
Small scale tests were used to determine the major factors of caprock breakage relative to a single blasthole. This was done using small scale concrete blocks. The tests showed a distinct difference between the bench fragmentation adjacent the explosives, and the caprock.
Downstream Benefits of Optimized Drilling
This paper will discuss how capital investments in drill optimization technologies to provide precise pattern geometries allow the mine or quarry to expand patterns and still produce results that benefit mucking, crushing, and processing. It will also demonstrate how quickly the return on investment may be realized.
Drill and Blast Instrumentation for Troubleshooting Underground Up-Hole Stoping
The use of drill and blast instrumentation to troubleshoot problems with up hole stope blasting.
Drilling and Blasting Techniques for Sinking a Well in a Water Reservoir-A Case Study for Underwater Controlled Blasting Methodology and Monitoring
Underwater drilling and blasting is being conducted at Panchet Dam, Asansol, West Bengal, for sinking a 20m diameter well inside Panchet Reservoir with minimum standing water depth of 15m to 35m by drilling and blasting techniques.
Dutch Harbor, Alaska Unisea Quarry – Using Near Field Vibration Measurements to Improve Blasting Results Close to Structures
This is a blasting operation in a very remote place on the Aleutian Islands in the far west of Alaska. The short distance between the blast side and the camp facilities (50') represented a big challenge to avoid high vibration readings and fly rock issues. Electronic detonators were crucial.
Effect of Explosive Charge Geometry on Shockwave Propagation
The physical geometry of a charge has a direct correlation to the geometry of the shock wave. This paper will describe the methodology and findings of a series of experiments designed to examine shock wave propagation, in the near and far field, from charges of different geometries.
Exploring Rock- Explosive Interaction Through Cross Blasthole Pressure Measurements
Blasting, cross blasthole pressure, rock-explosive interaction.
Exterior Explosive Model Development and Validation for Application in Terrorism Risk Assessment
In support of a quantitative risk assessment of explosive terrorism risks to the US homeland, a probabilistic model of the human health consequences of an explosive attack in an exterior area, such as a city center, was developed and validated against both past incidents and industry accepted modeling.
Full Wall Control Blasting Optimization
Wall control blasting is an important area in the mining industry that requires detailed evaluation of geological conditions in order to apply specific wall control blasting designs. An optimization case study with extreme rock hardness variance and an agressive 55° interramp angle is presented.
Ground Reaction Time Measurement and Modeling for Improved Blast Outcomes
Utilising the enhanced timing of electronic detonators along with high speed videography and pressure wave measurements it is possible to tailor blast timing to achieve optimised blast result to match the digging fleet capabilities. This paper details the journey from converting a coal mine from non-electric to electronic initiation systems.
Improved Techniques for Reactive Ground, Density and Performance Testing of Bulk Explosives
This paper presents techniques to measure reactive ground and product stability. In the case of product stability the measurement results are analysed in conjunction with detonation performance.
Improvement of Safety Practices for Loading of ANFO-Based Explosives in Zones with Reactive Rocks in Chile
Reactive grounds (presence of FeS2, CuFeS2) can create hazards in a mine. Here, the pertinence in the use of special products for these grounds according to the geological information, chemical analysis and normative models of mineralogy has been studied. A geological section containing the hazard areas was adapted for evaluation.
Influence of Rock Mass Properties on Blast-induced Rock Movement
Blast design is normally geared to optimizing fragment size distribution and minimizing deleterious blast effects. This paper details a case study linking blast-induced rock mass movement with spatial variation of rock mass properties in a metaliferrous open pit mine with heterogeneous orebodies, requiring a different approach to blast design.
Interior Explosive Model Development and Validation for Application in Terrorism Risk Assessment
In support of a quantitative risk assessment of explosive terrorism risks to the US homeland, a probabilistic model of the human health consequences of an explosive attack inside a building was developed and validated against both past incidents and high fidelity modeling.
ISEE Blasting Seismograph Standards 2017
The ISEE Standards committee has recently updated both the Field Practice Guidelines for Blasting Seismographs and the Performance Specifications for Blasting Seismographs. Each standard will be discussed along with the significant revisions from the latest revision cycle.
Learning from the Ammonium Nitrate Vehicle Explosion at Angellala Creek
Long-Hole Survey Analysis in Underground Gold Mines
Measuring and modeling long-hole drilling and analyzing their accuracy at Canadian underground gold mines.
Medical Mitigation Model Development for Application in Terrorism Risk Assessment.
A model that simulates the medical response to a terrorist attack using explosives, based on severity and type of injury, is being developed as part of a comprehensive quantitative risk assessment of explosive terrorism risks to the US homeland.
Methods to Quantify Drilling Accuracy
The topic of this paper is the current methods used to quantify hole deviation. It details both cheap and expensive techniques that can be used to identify drilling inaccuracies in order to prevent flyrock, increased vibration, uneven floor and other undesired effects.
Modelling Complex Shock Tunnel for Shock Interaction and Transfer Testing
A working modelling of a complex geometry shock tunnel was generated for use in shock interaction and transfer testing of wall materials. The two purposes of this model are to understand how the shock waves are effected by the complex geometry and confirmation of the empirically found maximum charge size.
Modified Case Charge for Avalanche Control
A new method for avalanche control using high explosives is introduced. This new avalanche control technique is well-suited to mountain roads presenting several advantages over the existing methods: minimum deployment time, low cost, reduced probability of misfires and reduce operation time in the avalanche danger zone.
Objective Measurement of Cast Booster Performance
A series of different explosive compounds have been assessed with a Plate Dent Test. The results indicate that this method can provide objective measurement of booster performance, provided the booster configuration is also taken into consideration.
Optimal Delay Periods and Complex Timing Sequences Using Electronic Delay Detonators
Methods for establishing optimal delay periods using electronic delay detonators for differing rock types and blast outcomes.
Overcoming Emulsion Destabilization Caused by Common Contaminants
This paper describes how specially developed emulsifiers can give greatly improved emulsion stability in the presence of contaminants. The test work shows stability tests using ammonium nitrate doped with various levels of common organic and inorganic impurities. The results of successful industrial trials with these emulsifiers are also given.
Oversize Quantification Using Drone-Based Fragmentation Analysis
The demand for blast optimization within the quarrying industry calls for more effective, faster and safer methods of quantification of blast performance. Drones provide the ability to safely and quickly capture high resolution imagery of a muckpile for use in fragmentation photo analysis.
Pattern Expansion Optimization Model Based on Fragmentation Analysis with Drone Technology
The technical paper proposes a practical methodology for pattern expansion studies, taking into consideration terrain parameters, rock quality and explosive strength. A multitude of tools were geared towards an economical continuous improvement procedure, utilizing UAV particle size analysis to optimize blasting, with cost savings being the main objective.
PECCS – Pan-European Competence Certificate for Shot-Firers /Blast Designers By European Federation of Explosive Engineers
Pan-European Competency Certificate for Shot firers / Blast designers by EFEE - one step closer to hamonisation of shot firer skills and competencies in Europe and international companies.
Potential Impact of Blast Layout, Sequence and Detonator Timings on Air Overpressure
The paper seeks to gain a better understanding between the resulting air overpressure levels generated and the blast layout, together with the detonators timings and sequence.
PPV. SD. Really? Still?
Peak Particle Velocity and Scaled Distance are controlling factors for many blasting operations. This paper will review the basis and history of both of these parameters, discuss how this impacts blast procedures, and offer some thoughts on future studies to investigate alternative criteria.
Predicting Vibration Through Linear-Regression Modeling
In this paper two case studies are presented from recent projects that the authors completed linear-regression modeling for prediction of maximum ground vibration and air overpressure. These projects consist of both surface and underground construction projects within feet of structures. Comparison to historical publications are also made.
Present Situation and Prospect of Blasting Safety Supervision
This paper discusses: why set up the safety supervision of blasting engineering; what is the safety supervision of blasting engineering; how to do safety supervision of blasting engineering, to analyze and study the present situation, the formation of a top-down, Chinese blasting engineering safety supervision and effective supervision system.
Protecting a Gas Pipeline from Cast Blast Induced Vibration Damage
The purpose of this paper is to explore the method of developing a site vibration law from signature hole data analysis to protect a gas pipeline.
Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Methods and Regulatory Agencies
This paper provides examples of how companies in Europe and North America use QRA tools, particularly IMESAFR, to convey to regulatory authorities risk assessment results obtained from using QRA methods.
Quarry Rehabilitation and Revival by Blasting: A Case Study
A case study where advanced technologies were used to overcome previous blasting errors and difficult bench formation. A combination of laser profiling, borehole surveying, and geometric timing aided in the revitalization of a Northern Ontario quarry.
Remotely Piloted Aircrafts (RPAs) as an Everyday Tool for Quarry Planning Blast Design
RPAs blasting applications experience on improving the overall analysis of the performance of the blast and improve quarry planning.
Research on the Detonation Behavior of a Double-Split Charge Based on ALE Method
Based on the high-speed schlieren system experimental research results of the split charge and the ALE method, the dynamic behavior of shock wave and explosive product during the explosion of double-split and coupling charge was studied by numerical simulation method.
Risk Management in Blasting: Lessons Learned the Hard Way
Learning from past mistakes or accidents in blasting operations is much preferable to the alternative. This paper reviews past mistakes in safety and risk management that created serious repercussions for the involved parties, and recommends methods and protocols to manage the risks involved.
Saving Time and Money with Mobile Reporting and Online Databases
This paper presents many ways that electronic blast reporting can reduce or eliminate blast reporting errors, decrease time and extra costs spent reporting, and case studies where electronic blast reporting could have saved a company valuable time, money, and image.
The Effect of Delay Time, Faults and Scaled Distance on Vibration Parameters
This paper will present the analyze results of 118 blasting vibration data in Kartal formation, which includes faults within, to understand the effect of delay time, fault and scaled distance on the parameters of vibration during the tunnel excavations by blasting in the scope of Yenisahra Subway Station project.
The European Integration Through a Major Drill & Blast Tunneling Project
The case of Brenner Base Tunnel excavation in the Italian territory, where the explosive materials were provided by an explosives supplier from Austria is presented. The proper combination of the "daily consumption of explosives" with the application of the 93/15/EEC Directive offers an excellent example of European Integration.
The Importance of Drill and Blasting, Under a Sustainable Mine to Mill Approach
Drilling and blasting must be approached wisely in a mine to plant perspective, not being isolated considered as just unit process to reduce material size to be excavated and hauled, but also holistically, where its results directly affect downstream plant performance operation and consequently, total mining operating cost and production.
The Influence of Blast Fragmentation on Loadability in Sublevel Caving
Loadability in sublevel caving drawpoints is heavily dependent on fragmentation. Digging time, machine wear and penetration depth are all affected negatively from excessive fines and boulders. Mid-range fragmentation promotes a productive and smooth LHD (Load-Haul-Dump) operation.
The Real Relationship Between Cracks and Vibrations: Are Cracks in Buildings Really Created by Vibrations?
Are cracks in buildings really created by vibration? The results of this unique study that has analysed millions of measurements (seismic, extensometric, and temperature) to define what relationship exists between the levels of vibration and the movement of cracks. These surprising results will change our perception of the subject.
Use of Signature Hole Analysis for Blast Vibration Control at the Highvale Mine
This paper summarizes signature hole analysis work carried out at the Highvale Mine to address blast vibration complaints from neighbors and improve fragmentation for the draglines. Recommendations included modifying delay times in the blast to reduce the peak particle velocity and increase the frequency fo the blast waves.
Use of the Energy to Compare Explosives – is this the Correct Approach with No-Ideal Explosives?
A review of data on explosives which shows that explosives having the same energy can present different VOD, which in turn, means that energy is not the only parameter needed to take a decision on which explosive to use in a blasting.
Vibration Control Blasting for Low Stability Final Wall
A combination of electronic detonators and advanced vibration and frequency modelling software was used to conduct vibration critical blasting of a low stability final wall. Regular signature holes were incorporated into production blasting patterns allowing continual refinement of the vibration prediction model.
Vibration Control using an iPhone - Accuracy, Validation and Potentialities
This case study presents the comparison of vibration results, made by traditional seismographs, in comparison with an iPhone. Was built an attenuation laws via the normal procedure and another from the data collected by the iPhone Vibration Monitoring device and predictions were made prior to a set of blasts.
Wave Transmission Response of Large Structure to High Frequency Blasting Vibration
Measurements reported in this paper tested the hypothesis that because of high frequency excitation, urban structures are not perturbed as greatly as assumed. Major findings are summarized by scaled comparison of response of urban structures to high frequency excitation with that of houses to lower frequency excitation.
Weak Blasting to Take Advantage of Natural Rock Mass Fissures is not Economical
This is a practical article with the aim to dispel the false premise that low explosive costs always save money, an opinion which the authors have found to be believed and followed by many blasters. The most economical practice is to always blast as if the rock mass is competent.
Which Explosive to use? ANFO, Emulsions or Blends?
The economics for the choice of explosives: ANFO, emulsion or blends (both dry and wet) for mines with mixed conditions (both dry and wet holes) is presented.